The Effectiveness of Video Modeling in Enhance independent living skills in Adolescents with intellectual disabilities

Abstract
Adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have a problem in regard with independence and self-care skills. Therefore, effort need to be spent to promote independent living skills through appropriate training. This study aims to investigate the effect of video modeling (VM) training that is provided by iPad on the skills of (preparing Arabic coffee and a Tuna sandwich) among (4) adolescents with mild ID, ages (15-19) years enrolled in a day care center in Riyadh. Experimental methodology has been used through multiple probes across behaviors design of single case to examine whether or not causal relation existed between the intervention and students’ independent skills acquisition and maintaining acquired independent skills. Target tasks involved both (preparing Arabic coffee and a Tuna sandwich). All students showed immediate and considerable improvement in target skills acquisition between baseline and intervention, they also maintained these skills after 1, 3, and 5 weeks after the intervention. The results indicated that the intervention was effective for increasing independence among all participants. Furthermore, the intervention was found to be socially acceptable. Social validity results also demonstrated that the study results were satisfactory for the participants, their families, and the personnel working in the school setting where the study was conducted. Tau-U effect size showed a strong effect of the intervention on skill acquisition and maintaining these skills. VM as intervention can be effective in teaching independence tasks that involve practical steps to students with ID. VM can be a useful support for students with ID in school, community, and employment settings to decrease reliance on adult prompting and increase independence. Implications in independence skills training for adolescents with ID in the community are discussed. Recommendations for future research and practice were also provided.