Foundations of Scientific Writing in the Light of the Research Paradigm and the Reader's Expectations Methodology: A Literature Study

Science is often difficult to read, and most people assume that this difficulty is resulting from the extreme complexity of scientific concepts, data, and analysis, yet the complexity of scientific thought does not have to lead to its inexpressibility. This research dealt with the foundations of good scientific writing for manuscript in all its items and steps to benefit researchers in various disciplines. If researchers following these foundations, their communication with the research audience become good without oversimplifying scientific issues, and this is based on assuming that improving the quality of scientific writing actually improves the quality of thought. This research dealt with a number of criteria for the good formulation and writing of the research items that make up the research manuscript in accordance with the paradigm or the research model adopted by the researcher, i.e., according to his beliefs around the world based on his previous research experiences. From this point, several recommendations were made to those in charge of scientific research and graduate studies in universities and research centers, as well as to academic advisors, scientific supervisors and researchers to improve their research performance in formulate and write their manuscripts in the light of reader expectations, as scientific writing is not just writing about science or for specialists only, but rather it is technical writing for professionals and non-professionals according to writing ethics and scientific citation criteria.