Patterns of Cognitive Biases and their Relationship to the thinking center in the (Enneagram) system among a sample of master's and doctoral students at the Faculty of Education in Qena

The current study aimed to reveal: the level of cognitive biases among a sample of master's and doctoral students, and to identify the differences between males and females in the level of cognitive biases, and to identify the differences between master's and doctoral students in cognitive biases, and to identify the dominant personality type (Enneagram) among students Master's and PhD degrees according to the thinking center in the Enneagram system, and to identify the relationship between the patterns of cognitive biases and the patterns of the thinking center in the Enneagram  system among researchers who are master's and doctoral students, The study sample consisted of (65) male and female researchers, their ages ranged between (25-53 years), with an average age of (33.7) and a standard deviation of (6.6) and to achieve the objectives of the study, the cognitive biases scale prepared by the researcher and the Enneagram scale for( Riso-Hudson,2000a) adopted and adapted By researcher,The results of the study revealed that there is a average; level in patterns of cognitive biases (information bias, confirmation bias, negative bias), and a high level in patterns of cognitive biases (stereotyped bias, false consensus effect, ambiguity avoidance bias), all of them at the level of significance (0.0001). , and found statistically significant differences in favor of the theoretical mean at the level of significance (0.0001) for the fallacy of planning, organizing, and self-bias, which indicates that the study sample had a lower level than the average in the two patterns: (fallacy of planning and organizing, self-bias), and the results revealed that more Patterns of cognitive biases among master's and doctoral students were (stereotyping bias, false consensus effect, and ambiguity avoidance bias); Where the level of statistical significance for the three patterns was at the level of statistical significance (0.0001), as it was found, The results of the study also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean ranks of male and female scores in the patterns of cognitive biases, with the exception of the self-bias pattern, which was statistically significant at the level of significance (0.02) in favor of males. The results of the study also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between The mean ranks of the degrees of the researchers of the master's and doctoral students in the patterns of cognitive biases, with the exception of the stereotyped bias pattern, which was statistically significant at the level of significance (0.02) in favor of the master's students, and the pattern of self-bias was statistically significant at the level of significance (0.04) in favor of the doctoral students, as revealed by the results of the study He revealed that the enthusiastic personality style is the dominant pattern among researchers, master's and doctoral students, The study revealed that there is no significant correlation between the patterns of cognitive biases and patterns of the thinking center in the enneagram system among researchers who are master's and doctoral student.