The Effect of Using the Two Strategies of Mantle of Expert and Pentagram in Teaching History in Improving Mental Motivation and Deep Learning Skills among Preparatory School Students with Learning Disabilities

The research problem was represented in the reduction of the level of mental motivation and deep learning skills among preparatory students with learning disabilities that is because the absence of new suitable teaching strategies for developing it among learners with learning disabilities. So, the research aimed at identifying the effect of using the two strategies of mantle of expert and pentagram in teaching history in improving mental motivation and deep learning skills among preparatory school students with learning disabilities. The basic sample consisted of three groups, the first experimental group consisted of (n=30) students, the second experimental group (n=30) students and the control group (n=30) students who are diagnosed with learning disabilities. The researchers developed two data collection tools which are the mental motivation scale and deep learning skills test .They prepared also the two teacher's guide, as well as two booklets for student activities according to the strategy of mantle of expert and pentagram. To measure the effectiveness of the two strategies, the two experimental groups and control one were pre-tested on the measurement tools (mental motivation scale and deep learning skills test, the first experimental group was taught the suggested unit using the mantle of expert strategy, the second experimental group was taught the suggested unit using the pentagram strategy, then the three groups were post and follow-up tested using the measurement tools.Statistical techniques are used such as One Way Anova and Repeated measures ANOVA.
 The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the two experimental and control groups in both of the mental motivation and deep learning skills in favor of the first experimental group taught by mantle of expert strategy. The results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the means of pretest and posttest in both of the mental motivation and deep learning skills in favor of the posttest. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the means of pretest and follow up test in both the mental motivation and deep learning skills in favor of the follow up test , while the differences were not statistically significant between the means of the posttest and the follow up test in each of the two dependent variables, reflecting the continuing impact of training in improving the level of these variables for the two experimental groups even after finishing the period of training. The results confirmed that the mantle expert strategy has big effect size in improving mental motivation and deep learning skills of the first experimental group .The researchers discussed the results in light of the theoretical framework and previous studies. Accordingly, the research presented a set of recommendations and suggestions for further research based on the results.